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Researchers :
Prof. Dr. Nor Azazi Zakaria <redac01@usm.my>
Prof. Dr. Aminuddin Ab. Ghani <redac02@usm.my>
Mohd Fazly Yusof
<redac07@usm.my>
Muhamad Nurfasya Alias <redacfasya@usm.my>
Mohammad Safuan Mohammad Zulkufli
<redac_safuan@eng.usm.my>
Leow Cheng Siang <redac21@eng.usm.my>
Project Reports
:
The project consists of five volumes as stated below:
Volume I: Executive Summary
Volume II: Introduction & Data Collection
Volume III: Stormwater Masterplan
Volume IV: Computer Modelling
Executive Summary
:
The planning of
stormwater systems has moved significantly away from traditional
concrete lined channels emanating from the depression era. Considerable
use has been made of retarding basins to mitigate increased flood peaks
due to urbanisation. Grassed floodways have largely replaced concrete
channels to slow flow velocities and provide greater visual appeal and
passive recreation areas. Additionally over recent years there has been
an attempt to intercept a range of non-point source pollutants including
general litter, sediment, and nutrients etc., utilising stormwater best
management practices (BMPs) including gross pollutant traps, water
quality control ponds and grass swales. There is also an increasing
awareness of the ecological values of watercourses and the need to
maintain and enhance these values.
An effective water
quality management strategy for an urban area involves managing
construction and post-construction activities. Under both conditions,
control of water quality can be undertaken at source, in addition to
stormwater treatment prior to discharge to receiving water. The water
quality management relating to construction activities involves the use
of erosion and sediment control techniques during the construction
phase. The general management philosophy involves the minimisation of
erosion by diverting runoff from undisturbed catchments around work
areas, rapidly revegetating disturbed areas, and trapping eroded
sediment from disturbed sites.
For the
post-construction phase, the water quality enhancement can be achieved
by controlling the pollution entering the drainage system. It is based
on the premise that is generally easier and more cost-effective to
control pollution at source rather than removing pollution from within
the drainage system. Further, stormwater treatment measures alone may
not able to reduce pollutants to pre-development levels. Two broad
categories of source control exist, namely physical techniques and
education. Treatment measures of stormwater runoff can be identified at
established urban areas to remove urban pollutants in order to enhance
the quality of discharges to receiving waters.
Ranges
of stormwater BMPs are available which aim to improve the quality of
post development stormwater runoff. There two major types BMPs, namely
retention systems (e.g., wet basins, construction wetlands etc.) and
infiltration systems (e.g. infiltration basins, trenches etc.)
The
Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) requires engineering
consultancy services to prepare a Stormwater Management and Drainage
MasterPlan Study for Daerah Barat Daya, Pulau Pinang.
Background
:
The study area is
located within the area of Barat Daya District (BDD). BDD is one among
the five (5) districts in Penang and it has 12 territories. It is
located in the southwest area of the Island (Figure 1.0). The total area
is approximately 17345 hectares or 173.45 km2.
Topographically, the
study area is surrounded by hills and coastline. It has 19 river systems
with total catchment area and length or 600 km2 and 102 km (Figure 2.0
and Appendix I). The focus areas are as Bayan Lepas, Bayan Baru, Balik
Pulau and Teluk Bahang. The main economic activities in the study area
are industrial, agriculture, fisheries, and tourism. Currently, there
are significant on-going development in the study area, particularly in
the area of the Balik Pulau and Bayan Baru and Bayan Lepas.
There are eight (8)
flood prone areas that were identified in the study area and they are
Jalan Mahsuri, Taman Iping, Kampung areas in Bayan Lepas and Teluk
Bahang and Kampung Simpang Tiga Air Putih (Refer to Appendix II). Flood
occurs occasionally due to rapid development in the upstream catchment
and due to the inadequacy of river and stormwater facilities inferring
to river/drain malfunction such as clogging of rubbish, drainage lines
discontinuity as well as silt coming from construction areas.
Objectives of Study :
The
primary goal of the study is to minimise the impact of urbanisation on
the stormwater environment and to strike a balance between social,
economic and environmental concerns to achieve sustainable development.
In order to achieve this, the study shall meet the specific objectives
or urban stormwater management area as follows;
1. To
formulate the long term solution for the flooding, drainage and
stormwater management problems in the existing built-up areas in order
to reduce the adverse effects of flooding on people and property and to
protect the existing and proposed development by implementation of an
integrated stormwater management by providing an appropriate level of
affordable flood protection to community expectations.
2. To
optimise the effectiveness of the existing stormwater infrastructure
network within the study area in a way that meets the needs of the
community and where possible, by providing and maintaining stormwater
management infrastructure at an acceptable quality of services, taking
into account environmental effects and public expectations.
3. To
control the excessive sediment in watercourses to acceptable levels by
managing the catchment activities using at source control measures to
prevent any acceleration of the rate of erosion from construction site,
on land and in stream channels.
4.
Collect and convey stormwater from a catchment to its receiving waters
with minimal impact by managing and improving the quality of stormwater
runoff urbanized catchment and its pollution loads in order to reduce
the adverse effects of non-point source contamination on the receiving
water environment and by eliminate point source pollutions discharges to
stormwater systems and receiving water in order to reduce the adverse
effects of point-source contamination.
5.
To
protect and enhance the natural water-dependent ecosystems and enhance
community access to and enjoyment of water courses environments and to
protect and maintain the rivers environments of high environmental and
aesthetic quality while promoting sustainable recreational
opportunities, community health, aesthetic amenity and health
environment.
Scope of Work :
Pursuant to the
objectives as outlined above, the scope of work is drawn to describe the
structured mechanism on how the project should be executed, as well as
providing details on the issues and the associated areas to be
addressed. The scope of work covers various components with activities
ranging from data collection, identification of issues, planning and
preparation of supporting documents. The scope of works shall include
but not be confined to the following:
1. Data
Information Collection
2.
Topographical and Engineering Surveys and Geotechnical Investigations
3. Site
Investigation and Field Inspection
4.
Review of the Past Studies/Project
5.
Analysis Existing Conditions
6.
Identify Stormwater Issued and Problems
7.
Formulate Alternatives
8.
Compare Alternatives and Select Recommended Plan
9.
Development of Stormwater Management MasterPlan
10.
Cost Estimates and Benefits
11.
Prepare Plan Implementation Program
12. Ownership of the Study
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